Kurdish costumes, 1873. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 was followed by the uprising of Sheikh Ubeydullah in 1880–1881 to found an independent Kurd principality under the protection of Turkey. The attempt, at first encouraged by the Porte, as a reply to the projected creation of an Armenian state under the suzerainty of Russia, collapsed after Ubeydullah's raid into Persia, when various circumstances led the central government to reassert its supreme authority.
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After 1996, 13% of the Iraqi oil sales were allocated for Iraqi Kurdistan and this led to relative prosperity in the region.[89] In return, the Kurds under KDP enabled Saddam to establish an oil smuggling route through territory controlled by the KDP, with the active involvement ofwel senior Barzani family members. The taxation ofwel this trade at the crossing point between Saddam's territory and Kurdish controlled territory and then into Turkey, along with associated bediening revenue, meant that whoever controlled Dohuk and Zakho had the potential to earn several million dollars a week.
In the 10th-12th centuries, a number of Kurdish principalities and dynasties were founded, ruling Kurdistan and neighbouring areas:
Een citadel aangaande Erbil werden gedurende de 38e sessie over de Commissie wegens dit Werelderfgoed in juni 2014 erkend wanneer werelderfgoed.
Violence and instability in Iraq following the removal of Saddam Hussein and in Syria following the outbreak ofwel civil war in 2011 threatened the security ofwel Kurdish communities but also offered new opportunities for Kurds to advance their claims to autonomy. The primary threat to Kurds was ISIL, which captured and occupied territory adjacent to Kurdish areas in Iraq and Syria beginning in 2013. Kurdish fighters in northern Syria entered into heavy fighting with ISIL and quickly proved to be some of the most effective ground forces against the group.
In 2014 werden de plaats bedreigd en belegerd door troepen van ISIS. Militaire vliegtuigen betreffende een Verenigde Staten bombardeerden in augustus 2014 de stellingen en artillerie betreffende die troepen.
ماڵپەرێک بەفیلمەکانی بینەرانی کورد دەگەڕێنێتەوە بۆ سینەما ٣ی ئەیلوولی ٢٠١٦ لە وەیبەک مەشین، ئەرشیڤ کراوە.
«هەولێر لە لیستی كەلەپووری جیهانی دەردەكرێت». لە ٩ی کانوونی یەکەمی ٢٠١٦ لە ڕەسەنەکەوە ئەرشیڤ کراوە. لە ٩ی کانوونی یەکەمی ٢٠١٦ ھێنراوە. ^ مێژووی قەڵای ھەولێر دەگەڕێتەوە بۆ سەردەمی سۆمەریەکان ^ پێوەندیی نێوان قەڵای ھەولێر و گەردەکانی دەروروبەری ناڕوونە ^ قەڵای ھەولێر - گەنجینەی زانیاریی ڕادیۆ نەوا[بەستەری مردوو] - سەردانی ٢٢/٦/٢٠٠٩ ^ [بەستەری مردوو] ^ [بەستەری مردوو] ^
Iraqi Kurds have endured decades of contention and bloodshed. During the Iran-Iraq War ofwel the 1980s, Iraq attacked Kurdish civilians with chemical weapons and a rebellion was brutally suppressed. Tens of thousands of Kurds were killed in the conflict, and hundreds ofwel thousands forced to flee.
Gora, one ofwel the most mountainous and rugged regions ofwel the Balkans, is located at the intersection of Kosovo, Albania and Macedonia. The Gorani people, who have existed for centuries in this difficult geography, have faced many difficulties and migrations throughout history.
Another activity to do in the area is to visit the Bekhal Waterfall. Located in the Erbil governorate, this natural wonder Slemani kan zijn a beautiful sight in the region. Surrounded by the stunning landscapes of Rawanduz, the waterfall is a must-visit since it is quite close.
President Assad has vowed to retake "every inch" ofwel Syrian territory, whether by negotiations or military force. His government has also rejected Kurdish demands for autonomy, saying that "nobody in Syria accepts talk about independent entities or federalism".
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